<?php
declare(strict_types=1);

/**
 * Shared configuration, storage and abuse-protection helpers.
 *
 * Secrets are read from process variables or from ../.env. The legacy
 * env_vars.php file is loaded when present so existing installations keep
 * working during migration.
 */
$appFileEnvironment = [];

function app_load_env_file(string $filename): void
{
    global $appFileEnvironment;

    if (!is_file($filename)) {
        return;
    }

    if (!is_readable($filename)) {
        error_log('Environment file is not readable: ' . $filename);
        return;
    }

    $size = filesize($filename);
    if ($size !== false && $size > 65536) {
        error_log('Environment file is unexpectedly large: ' . $filename);
        return;
    }

    $lines = file($filename, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES);
    if ($lines === false) {
        error_log('Environment file could not be read: ' . $filename);
        return;
    }

    foreach ($lines as $lineNumber => $line) {
        if ($lineNumber === 0) {
            $line = preg_replace('/^\xEF\xBB\xBF/', '', $line) ?? $line;
        }

        $line = trim($line);
        if ($line === '' || $line[0] === '#') {
            continue;
        }

        if (strncmp($line, 'export ', 7) === 0) {
            $line = ltrim(substr($line, 7));
        }

        $separator = strpos($line, '=');
        if ($separator === false) {
            error_log('Ignoring invalid environment entry on line ' . ($lineNumber + 1) . '.');
            continue;
        }

        $name = trim(substr($line, 0, $separator));
        if (preg_match('/^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$/', $name) !== 1) {
            error_log('Ignoring invalid environment variable name on line ' . ($lineNumber + 1) . '.');
            continue;
        }

        // Non-empty process variables and legacy configuration take precedence.
        $processValue = getenv($name);
        if ($processValue !== false && trim((string)$processValue) !== '') {
            continue;
        }

        $value = trim(substr($line, $separator + 1));
        $valueLength = strlen($value);
        if ($valueLength >= 2 && $value[0] === '"' && $value[$valueLength - 1] === '"') {
            $value = stripcslashes(substr($value, 1, -1));
        } elseif ($valueLength >= 2 && $value[0] === "'" && $value[$valueLength - 1] === "'") {
            $value = substr($value, 1, -1);
        } else {
            $value = preg_replace('/\s+#.*$/', '', $value) ?? $value;
            $value = rtrim($value);
        }

        if (strpos($value, "\0") !== false) {
            error_log('Ignoring environment value containing a null byte on line ' . ($lineNumber + 1) . '.');
            continue;
        }

        $appFileEnvironment[$name] = $value;
        $_ENV[$name] = $value;
    }
}

$legacyEnvFile = __DIR__ . '/env_vars.php';
if (is_file($legacyEnvFile)) {
    require_once $legacyEnvFile;
}

app_load_env_file(dirname(__DIR__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '.env');

function app_env(string $name, string $default = ''): string
{
    global $appFileEnvironment;

    $value = getenv($name);
    if ($value !== false && trim((string)$value) !== '') {
        return trim((string)$value);
    }

    if (array_key_exists($name, $appFileEnvironment)) {
        return trim((string)$appFileEnvironment[$name]);
    }

    return $default;
}

function app_env_int(string $name, int $default, int $min, int $max): int
{
    $value = filter_var(app_env($name), FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
    if ($value === false) {
        return $default;
    }

    return max($min, min($max, (int)$value));
}

function app_private_dir(): string
{
    $configured = app_env('ZEFIX_PRIVATE_DIR');
    return $configured !== ''
        ? rtrim($configured, '/\\')
        : dirname(__DIR__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'zefix-private';
}

function app_ensure_dir(string $directory): void
{
    if (!is_dir($directory) && !mkdir($directory, 0700, true) && !is_dir($directory)) {
        throw new RuntimeException('Private storage could not be created.');
    }
}

function app_task_dir(): string
{
    $directory = app_private_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'tasks';
    app_ensure_dir($directory);
    return $directory;
}

function app_download_dir(): string
{
    $directory = app_private_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'downloads';
    app_ensure_dir($directory);
    return $directory;
}

function app_rate_limit_dir(): string
{
    $directory = app_private_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'rate-limits';
    app_ensure_dir($directory);
    return $directory;
}

function app_cache_dir(): string
{
    $directory = app_private_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'cache';
    app_ensure_dir($directory);
    return $directory;
}

function app_send_security_headers(): void
{
    if (headers_sent()) {
        return;
    }

    header("Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; base-uri 'self'; form-action 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'; object-src 'none'; img-src 'self' data:; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://challenges.cloudflare.com; frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com; connect-src 'self' https://challenges.cloudflare.com; upgrade-insecure-requests");
    header('Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin');
    header('X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff');
    header('X-Frame-Options: DENY');
    header('Permissions-Policy: camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=(), payment=()');
    header('Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin');
}

function app_turnstile_site_key(): string
{
    return '0x4AAAAAAD7CJrWpNiK0-A7h';
}

function app_turnstile_secret_key(): string
{
    return app_env('TURNSTILE_SECRET');
}

function app_turnstile_is_configured(): bool
{
    return app_turnstile_site_key() !== '' && app_turnstile_secret_key() !== '';
}

function app_security_secret(): string
{
    $secret = app_env('APP_SECRET');
    if ($secret === '') {
        $secret = app_turnstile_secret_key();
    }
    return $secret;
}

function app_base64url_encode(string $value): string
{
    return rtrim(strtr(base64_encode($value), '+/', '-_'), '=');
}

function app_base64url_decode(string $value): string|false
{
    $padding = strlen($value) % 4;
    if ($padding !== 0) {
        $value .= str_repeat('=', 4 - $padding);
    }
    return base64_decode(strtr($value, '-_', '+/'), true);
}

function app_create_form_started_token(?int $timestamp = null): string
{
    $secret = app_security_secret();
    if ($secret === '') {
        return '';
    }

    $timestamp ??= time();
    $payload = (string)$timestamp;
    $signature = hash_hmac('sha256', $payload, $secret, true);
    return app_base64url_encode($payload . '.' . $signature);
}

function app_validate_form_started_token(string $token): bool
{
    $secret = app_security_secret();
    $decoded = app_base64url_decode($token);
    if ($secret === '' || $decoded === false || strlen($decoded) < 34) {
        return false;
    }

    $separator = strpos($decoded, '.');
    if ($separator === false) {
        return false;
    }

    $payload = substr($decoded, 0, $separator);
    $signature = substr($decoded, $separator + 1);
    if (!ctype_digit($payload) || strlen($signature) !== 32) {
        return false;
    }

    $expected = hash_hmac('sha256', $payload, $secret, true);
    if (!hash_equals($expected, $signature)) {
        return false;
    }

    $age = time() - (int)$payload;
    $minimumSeconds = app_env_int('FORM_MIN_SECONDS', 2, 0, 60);
    $maximumSeconds = app_env_int('FORM_MAX_SECONDS', 7200, 60, 86400);
    return $age >= $minimumSeconds && $age <= $maximumSeconds;
}

function app_client_ip(): string
{
    $remoteAddress = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? '';
    if (!filter_var($remoteAddress, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)) {
        $remoteAddress = 'unknown';
    }

    $trustedProxies = array_values(array_filter(array_map(
        'trim',
        explode(',', app_env('TRUSTED_PROXY_IPS'))
    )));

    if (!in_array($remoteAddress, $trustedProxies, true)) {
        return $remoteAddress;
    }

    $candidates = [];
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'])) {
        $candidates[] = trim((string)$_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP']);
    }
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
        $forwarded = explode(',', (string)$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
        $candidates[] = trim($forwarded[0]);
    }

    foreach ($candidates as $candidate) {
        if (filter_var($candidate, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP)) {
            return $candidate;
        }
    }

    return $remoteAddress;
}

/** @return array{allowed: bool, retry_after: int} */
function app_rate_limit(string $scope, string $identity, int $limit, int $windowSeconds): array
{
    $now = time();
    $secret = app_security_secret();
    $hash = $secret !== ''
        ? hash_hmac('sha256', strtolower($identity), $secret)
        : hash('sha256', strtolower($identity));
    $filename = app_rate_limit_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_-]/i', '_', $scope) . '-' . $hash . '.json';
    $handle = fopen($filename, 'c+');
    if ($handle === false) {
        throw new RuntimeException('Rate-limit storage could not be opened.');
    }

    try {
        if (!flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) {
            throw new RuntimeException('Rate-limit storage could not be locked.');
        }

        $contents = stream_get_contents($handle);
        $state = $contents !== false && $contents !== '' ? json_decode($contents, true) : null;
        if (!is_array($state) || !isset($state['started'], $state['count']) || ($now - (int)$state['started']) >= $windowSeconds) {
            $state = ['started' => $now, 'count' => 0];
        }

        $allowed = (int)$state['count'] < $limit;
        if ($allowed) {
            $state['count'] = (int)$state['count'] + 1;
        }

        rewind($handle);
        ftruncate($handle, 0);
        fwrite($handle, json_encode($state, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR));
        fflush($handle);
        @chmod($filename, 0600);
        flock($handle, LOCK_UN);

        return [
            'allowed' => $allowed,
            'retry_after' => max(1, $windowSeconds - ($now - (int)$state['started'])),
        ];
    } finally {
        fclose($handle);
    }
}

/** @return array{success: bool, error: string} */
function app_verify_turnstile(string $token, string $remoteIp): array
{
    $secret = app_turnstile_secret_key();
    if ($secret === '' || $token === '' || strlen($token) > 2048) {
        return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'missing-input'];
    }

    $curl = curl_init('https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify');
    if ($curl === false) {
        return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'internal-error'];
    }

    $payload = [
        'secret' => $secret,
        'response' => $token,
    ];
    if ($remoteIp !== 'unknown') {
        $payload['remoteip'] = $remoteIp;
    }

    curl_setopt_array($curl, [
        CURLOPT_POST => true,
        CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => http_build_query($payload),
        CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
        CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT => 5,
        CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 10,
        CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => true,
        CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST => 2,
        CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => ['Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'],
    ]);

    $response = curl_exec($curl);
    $httpCode = (int)curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
    $curlError = curl_error($curl);
    curl_close($curl);

    if (!is_string($response) || $httpCode !== 200) {
        error_log('Turnstile request failed: HTTP ' . $httpCode . ($curlError !== '' ? ' / ' . $curlError : ''));
        return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'verification-unavailable'];
    }

    $result = json_decode($response, true);
    if (!is_array($result) || ($result['success'] ?? false) !== true) {
        $errors = is_array($result['error-codes'] ?? null) ? implode(',', $result['error-codes']) : 'invalid-response';
        error_log('Turnstile validation rejected: ' . $errors);
        return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'challenge-failed'];
    }

    $officialTestSecrets = [
        '1x0000000000000000000000000000000AA',
        '2x0000000000000000000000000000000AA',
        '3x0000000000000000000000000000000AA',
    ];
    $isLocalDevelopmentTest = app_env('APP_ENV') === 'development'
        && in_array($remoteIp, ['127.0.0.1', '::1'], true)
        && in_array($secret, $officialTestSecrets, true);

    // Cloudflare's dummy testing responses do not always contain the widget's
    // hostname and action. This exception is restricted to loopback requests,
    // development mode and Cloudflare's documented test secrets.
    if ($isLocalDevelopmentTest) {
        return ['success' => true, 'error' => ''];
    }

    $allowedHostname = strtolower(app_env('TURNSTILE_ALLOWED_HOSTNAME', 'zefix.silias.ch'));
    $hostname = strtolower((string)($result['hostname'] ?? ''));
    if ($allowedHostname !== '' && !hash_equals($allowedHostname, $hostname)) {
        error_log('Turnstile hostname mismatch.');
        return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'hostname-mismatch'];
    }

    if (($result['action'] ?? '') !== 'turnstile-spin-v2') {
        error_log('Turnstile action mismatch.');
        return ['success' => false, 'error' => 'action-mismatch'];
    }

    return ['success' => true, 'error' => ''];
}

/** @return int[]|null */
function app_normalize_positive_id_list(mixed $value, int $maximumItems): ?array
{
    if (!is_array($value) || $value === [] || count($value) > $maximumItems) {
        return null;
    }

    $normalized = [];
    foreach ($value as $item) {
        if (is_array($item) || !is_scalar($item)) {
            return null;
        }
        $item = (string)$item;
        if (!ctype_digit($item)) {
            return null;
        }
        $integer = (int)$item;
        if ($integer <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
        $normalized[$integer] = $integer;
    }

    return array_values($normalized);
}

function app_public_base_url(): string
{
    return rtrim(app_env('PUBLIC_BASE_URL', 'https://zefix.silias.ch'), '/');
}

function app_download_path(string $token): string
{
    if (!preg_match('/^[a-f0-9]{32}$/', $token)) {
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid download token.');
    }
    return app_download_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $token . '.csv';
}

function app_cached_string(string $key, int $ttlSeconds, callable $loader): string
{
    $safeKey = preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_-]/i', '_', $key);
    $filename = app_cache_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $safeKey . '.cache';
    if (is_file($filename) && filemtime($filename) !== false && filemtime($filename) >= time() - $ttlSeconds) {
        $cached = file_get_contents($filename);
        if (is_string($cached) && $cached !== '') {
            return $cached;
        }
    }

    $lock = fopen($filename . '.lock', 'c+');
    if ($lock === false || !flock($lock, LOCK_EX)) {
        if (is_resource($lock)) {
            fclose($lock);
        }
        return (string)$loader();
    }

    try {
        clearstatcache(true, $filename);
        if (is_file($filename) && filemtime($filename) !== false && filemtime($filename) >= time() - $ttlSeconds) {
            return (string)file_get_contents($filename);
        }

        $fresh = (string)$loader();
        if ($fresh !== '') {
            $temporary = $filename . '.' . bin2hex(random_bytes(4)) . '.tmp';
            file_put_contents($temporary, $fresh, LOCK_EX);
            @chmod($temporary, 0600);
            if (!@rename($temporary, $filename)) {
                // Windows cannot atomically replace an existing file with rename().
                @unlink($filename);
                if (!@rename($temporary, $filename)) {
                    @unlink($temporary);
                }
            }
            return $fresh;
        }

        return is_file($filename) ? (string)file_get_contents($filename) : '';
    } finally {
        flock($lock, LOCK_UN);
        fclose($lock);
    }
}

function app_cleanup_directory(string $directory, int $maximumAgeSeconds, string $extension): int
{
    if (!is_dir($directory)) {
        return 0;
    }

    $deleted = 0;
    $cutoff = time() - $maximumAgeSeconds;
    foreach (glob($directory . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '*.' . $extension) ?: [] as $filename) {
        $modified = filemtime($filename);
        if ($modified !== false && $modified < $cutoff && is_file($filename) && unlink($filename)) {
            $deleted++;
        }
    }
    return $deleted;
}

function app_migrate_legacy_tasks(): int
{
    $legacyDirectory = __DIR__ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'tasks';
    if (!is_dir($legacyDirectory)) {
        return 0;
    }

    $migrated = 0;
    foreach (glob($legacyDirectory . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '*.json') ?: [] as $source) {
        $target = app_task_dir() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . basename($source);
        if (is_file($target)) {
            continue;
        }
        if (@rename($source, $target) || (@copy($source, $target) && @unlink($source))) {
            @chmod($target, 0600);
            $migrated++;
        }
    }
    return $migrated;
}